Mustafa, L.M. and Hasan, H.R. 2026. A Novel Robust Approach of Optimized Hybrid Watermarking Scheme for Color Images Using DWT, DCT, Permutation, and PSO. Iraqi Journal of Science. 67, 5 (May 2026), 2975–2993. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2026.67.5.38.