Hussein NL, Khashan KS, Rasheed HM, Hammoud HY, ALHaddad RMS. Simulation of Optical Energy Gap for Synthesis Carbon Quantum Dot by Laser Ablation. Iraqi Journal of Science. Published online April 18, 2019:52-56. Accessed December 8, 2025. https://www.ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/eijs/article/view/654