Synthesis, Characterization, and Elimination of Amoxicillin by Using V2O5 and NiO Nanoparticles

Abstract

The nanoparticles (V₂O₅ and NiO) were synthesized via reflux and characterized using various techniques including atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV/visible spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Initially, the nanoparticles were dried at 90 ^oC, to obtain the as prepared nanoparticles (V₂O₅.1.8H₂O and Ni(OH)₂), followed by annealing at 500 ^oC to produce the oxide nanoparticles (V₂O₅ and NiO). The average grain sizes of the nanoparticles as prepared were 30.51nm, 55.70 nm, which decreased to 21.49 nm and 37.07 nm after annealing, respectively. The nanoparticles were employed for the removal of amoxicillin (AMX) as a contaminant in a water solution. V₂O₅.1.8H₂O nanoparticles exhibited the most effective removal activity among all types of nanoparticles, with a percentage removal (%R) of 64.01% and a removal capacity (qt) of 5.89 g/mg. Therefore, vanadium pentoxide in its prepared form (V₂O₅.1.8H₂O) demonstrated the best removal activity.