Influence of Phosphatidyl Inositol (4,5) Bisphosphate,5-Phosphatase (PIP2), in Patients With Kidney Stones and Renal Failure

Abstract

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is an essential lipid involved in metabolic processes. It is integral to the cell membrane of all animal and plant cells and acts as a second messenger in various signaling pathways. Still, its hydrolysis can lead to increased calcium levels and kidney stones. The study aims to investigate the role of PIP2 enzyme levels in patients with renal failure and kidney stones. The enzyme-produced amount was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Peripheral whole-blood samples were collected in gel tubes from eighty patients (40 with kidney stones and 40 with renal failure), and 40 were healthy individuals. The results of urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels were significantly different between renal failure patients (140.35±41.45, 8.70±3.22, 8.43±1.47) and the control group (27.07±7.21, 0.70±0.26, 4.53±0.94), with a p-value of 0.001. Uric acid levels in kidney stone patients were also significant (6.30±1.39) with a p-value of 0.001. The findings revealed significant differences in PIP2 levels among patients with kidney stones (6.63±1.40) and renal failure (9.13±1.76) compared to the control group (1.87±0.94), with p-values of 0.001 and 0.02, respectively. Serum Ca²⁺ levels also showed significant differences (9.55±1.63, 8.19±1.11) compared to the control group (9.47±0.28) with p-values of 0.94 and 0.001, respectively. To confirm the results of the p-value. Effect Size (Cohen's d) was conducted, and confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for all parameters, and the results were consistent with the p-value. This study demonstrated that PIP2 and vitamin D3 play distinct roles in Ca²⁺ homeostasis, underscoring their potential role in disease pathology.