Retraction Policy

The journal is committed to maintaining scientific integrity and publication quality. Therefore, it reserves the right to retract or withdraw any published article if scientific or ethical violations are identified that affect the reliability or validity of the work.

Retraction or withdrawal may be considered in the following cases:

• Plagiarism or unacceptable similarity levels.
• Fabrication, falsification, or manipulation of data and results.
• Duplicate publication or simultaneous submission to another journal.
• Major errors that significantly affect the findings or conclusions.
• Violations of research ethics or failure to obtain required ethical approvals.
• Misleading information related to authorship, funding sources, or conflicts of interest.

All retraction cases are reviewed by the editorial board in accordance with internationally recognized publication ethics standards. Authors may be contacted to provide explanations or supporting documents before a final decision is made.

If a retraction is approved, the journal will publish an official retraction notice explaining the reason for the action while maintaining the transparency and integrity of the scholarly record. The journal may also remove or restrict access to the article when legally or ethically necessary.